Aside from non-melanoma skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the United States. Despite the danger, 97% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer are still alive five years later.
In Arizona in 2020, the latest year for which incidence data are available, there were 3,125 prostate cancer cases reported and the disease killed 795 Arizonans. Nationally, there were 201,082 new cases of prostate cancer reported among men from which 32,707 died in 2020.
Prostate cancer is rare in men under 40 years of age, but the chance of being diagnosed with prostate cancer rises rapidly for men 50 years and older. While it can be deadly, prostate cancer often can be detected in time for effective treatment. Proactive awareness and appropriate management are the keys to staying on the right side of the statistics.
With September designated as Prostate Cancer Awareness Month, now is an ideal time for older Arizona men to adopt a preventive mindset focused on what to look for and what to know about prostate cancer.
First, know the symptoms
The prostate is a small male organ just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. As men get older, the gland itself tends to enlarge which is known as benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). BPH is not the same as prostate cancer. In prostate cancer, cells in the prostate gland start to grow and eventually get out of control.
Not all men with prostate cancer have symptoms. Also, when symptoms occur, they are not always signs of cancer but can represent a number of health concerns, especially for older men.
Symptoms that possibly can be red flags for prostate cancer include:
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Blood in the urine or in semen.
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Pain and burning during urination.
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Frequent urination, especially at night.
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Difficulty emptying the bladder.
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Persistent back, hip or pelvis pain.
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Difficulty starting urination; weak or interrupted flow.
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Painful ejaculation.
Next, take action
If you or the men in your life exhibit any of these symptoms, it’s important to visit your doctor right away, get a diagnosis and determine a course of action. Again, there are a variety of benign conditions that have similar symptoms.
For men without symptoms, there are many possible benefits of screening for prostate cancer, including lowering the chance of death in some men. Cancer screening is the practice of looking for cancer before symptoms are detected. The goal of screening is to find cancers that may be at risk of spreading if not treated, and to catch them early. The two most common tests are:
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Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a substance formed in the prostate.
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Digital rectal examination (DRE), a procedure where a health care provider examines the interior of the rectum for abnormalities.
A test can be lifesaving. However, some preventive care is not without risk. Complications can arise with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Note that while the 97 percent survival rate may be comforting, that number does not apply to incidents where the cancer spreads or recurs after treatment. There remains the grim estimate from the National Cancer Institute that there will be nearly 300,000 new cases in 2023, with 35,000 prostate cancer deaths nationwide.
Statistics are one thing, but every case is different. There are alternative medicines and preventive options that work for some but can cause unwanted side effects in others.
For the sake of your health and your loved ones, be vigilant and partner with your providers in prostate cancer awareness. Always get checked if you develop symptoms. Men without symptoms should discuss whether prostate cancer screening is right for you. In either case, if cancer is found, gather the facts to help you make careful decisions.
Dr. Leo Odle is a primary care physician with Optum - Arizona.
